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Why Speed Endurance is Essential for Survival

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Being April 1st, it’s time for some lighter off-beat stories in the world of Track and Field or Coaching.  Last year, I wrote NOT an April Fools Joke – 5 True Stories About Me.

There is this silly poem:

Every morning in Africa, a Deer wakes up.   It knows it must run faster than the fastest Lion or it will be killed.

Every morning a Lion wakes up.   It knows it must outrun the slowest Deer or it will starve to death.

It doesn’t matter whether you are a Lion or a Deer…  When the sun comes up, you’d better be running.

In the animal kingdom, the rule of life is “Eat, or be Eaten”.  It’s part of the food chain.  It’s keeps the population in order.

hunt-or-be-hunted

Hunt or Be Hunted

This video depicts the true meaning of speed endurance, as well as some special endurance.

Life is not all about the 100 meters over in 10 seconds.  It’s not even 45 seconds.    You are better off being an 800m runner and be able to sprint for over 2 minutes.

In the example below, the magic number is just about 3 minutes.

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Why Speed Endurance is Essential for Survival appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.


Yoshihide Kiryu 9.87 Video

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For the record, to break 10 seconds for the 100 meters, I do not care what colour your are.  You could be Black, White, Yellow, Red, Orange, Purple… even Lime Green.

But a lot of emphasis is made by historically West African decent athletes being the ones able to break 10 seconds, and to some extent, 11 seconds for women.

If you want to see a good video, watch Mike Young’s TED talk on this subject.  There is a nice graph outlining your chances of breaking 10.00 seconds.

We had Marian Woronin of Poland run 9.992 which was rounded up to 10.00 (+2.0) in 1984.  Technically, not a sub-10.

Frankie Fredericks from Namibia was the first non-West-African to break 10 seconds (9.95), and that in 1991.

Australian Patrick Johnson (9.93 in 2003) was born to an Indigenous Australian and Irish father.

Of course, we all know Christophe Lemaitre (9.92 in 2011)

For Asians, we had Koji Ito of Japan (10.00 in 1998) and Zhang Peimeng (10.00 in 2013) of China.  Again, not sub 10.

Yoshihide Kiryu Breaks 10 Seconds (wind assisted)

Yoshihide Kiryu 9.87

Fianlly we have Yoshihide Kiryu 9.87  with a +3.3 wind, non allowed for record purposes.  But he still broke 10 in his body, and hopefully his body will keep that muscle memory.  Sprinting fast is all about efficiency, which is why we use overspeed training methods.  See Yoshihide Kiryu, Downhill Running, and Assisted Training Methods article from last year.

If you use the famous Jonas Mureika wind and altitude calculator, that time is “converted” to 10.02.  Doh!  But if he has a +2.0 allowable win, he would run sub 10 seconds.

It’s a matter of time.

Watch this space.

 

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Yoshihide Kiryu 9.87 Video appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

19 x 84m Mile Relay in Anchorage, Alaska

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I wrote about the 105 x 400m Relay which is a full 26 Mile 385 Yard Marathon (actually, it’s 105.5 laps)

How about running a mile on a 84-meter track in Anchorage, Alaska?

How about running a Mile relay on that same track?  More specifically, 19 X 84m Mile Relay?

Well, now you can.  Check out this youtube video below:

They still ran 4:21, which is 13.7 seconds per lap (of 84 meters with the two tight turns)

What were they thinking building this track?

Maybe they were trying to copy Athen’s Panathenaic Stadium?  Home of the first Olympics in 1896?

panathenaic stadium

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post 19 x 84m Mile Relay in Anchorage, Alaska appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

Top 3 Weirdest Tracks (and I’ve been to one of them)

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Let’s face it, I’ve been to a lot of track stadiums.  Indoor track has it’s quirks, ranging from different laps per mile.  But the outdoor ones should be a standard 400m or 440 yards 4-laps-per-mile.

Read my article on the 4 ways to build a 400 meter track.   One of them is the IAAF Track with two curves of equal radius measuring 36.80m and two straightaways measuring 84.39m, not 100m as people might think.

But rules are meant to be broken.

How about the Kalgin Koch Mini-Track in Anchorage, Alaska?  84 meter track, or 19 laps to a Mile?

So here are 3 of the top weirdest tracks… and yes, I’ve been to one of them.

Unusual Track #1

Taiwan’s first sloping running was built in Aug 2013 at the Xinshi Elementary School in New Taipei City’s Tamsui District.  Read: Elementary School.  Must be nice to have sponsors or money.

This track even features a straightaway 200m!  Cal Berkeley used to have that before the tennis courts were installed.

This overhead shot does not do justice.  The outer ring is actually a slope for hill workouts.

Xinshi Elementary School New Taipei City 1

And here is a map of their campus:

Xinshi Elementary School New Taipei City Map

Unusual Track #2

This is not a Photoshop.  This is Saint Mary’s College High School in Berkeley, California.  At least the 100m is a straightaway!

St Marys College High School Athletic Facility

Unusual Track #3

Need more hills?

This one is in Alicante, Spain.  For the full article, click here for the full article and more pictures.

SpanishRunningTrack_8

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Top 3 Weirdest Tracks (and I’ve been to one of them) appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

Low Level Laser Therapy for Injuries

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Low Level Laser Therapy is also known as Cold Laser Light Therapy, or Low Intensity Laser Therapy.

This is not to be confused with the Far Infrared Radiation “heating healing” pads which treats another set of ailments.

Back when I was in Vancouver BC, and before my exodus to Europe, I was fortunate (and unfortunate) to experience this alternative form of therapy for my injuries.  Unfortunate, because I was injured.

But fortunately, I was in the hands of one of the best soft-tissue specialist in the world, Gerry Ramogida.

Dr. Ramogida, at the time was also the NFL Seattle Seahawks therapist, as well as Team Canada’s Athletics for Beijing 2008, had his clinic 3 blocks away from my office.  Gerry also left for UK Athletics with Kevin Tyler, Dan Pfaff and Derek Evely pre-London 2012.  Today, Gerry is part of the WAC Canada along with Laurier Primeau with the facilities at Fortius Sport and Health.

Normally, I would visit Gerry for ART (Active Release Therapy) on my soft tissue injuries, and the occasional acupuncture, but this time I was using Low Intensity Laser Therapy.

What the heck is Low Level Laser Therapy?

What is the effectiveness of low level laser therapy for pain?

Low Level Laser Therapy is simply the use of  light emissions of low intensity laser diodes or high intensity super luminous diodes anywhere from 250 – 2000 milliwatts.  The light source is placed directly on the skin so the photon energy can penetrate the tissue.  There is no pain other than sweaty skin.

As you know, the Achilles tendon has a limited blood supply, so alternative forms of treatment are required.

Low Level Laser Therapy for Pain and Injuries

Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy

The short term effects include cortisol production, where cortisol is the precursor to cortisone.  We all hear stories of cortisone shots, right?  Thanks, but I’d rather skip the needle.

Long term effects include mitochondrial activity which stimulates cellular replication, as well as the formation of new blood vessels (otherwise known as angiogenesis).

Lastly, lymphatic drainage is improved which is a plus.

A typical treatment cycle is about 10 sessions of 15-30 minutes per session.  Check your health insurance first to see what is covered. (and what isn’t covered!)  The whole procedure is painless, so you better bring a book or your smartphone as you might get bored.

The goal of low intensity laser treatments is to restore the cells back to normal.  By the way, normal cells surrounding the affected area are NOT affected.

My experience was positive.  I found the sessions, along with everything else I was doing, helped get back my Achilles back to normal so I could train at 100% again.

Laser Therapy Scientific Background

If you are interested in reading more information on Laser Therapy Scientific Background, click here. (There is a link to download the free PDF report – no sign up required).  This report is written by Brian Pryor (PhD) and Jason Smith (PhD).  Thanks to Carmen Bott who posted this first on her Facebook Page.  Sharing is caring.

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Low Level Laser Therapy for Injuries appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

How do you Handle Losing a Race… that was yours to Win?

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Everyone loses a race sometimes.  Even Usain Bolt.

How about losing a race you should have won?

Or running a stupid race in the heats such as slowing down before the finish line, and not qualify for the Finals?  (I’ve done that once – and never again)

Or, even worse, not making top 3 at your Olympic Trials?  (assuming you made standard)

The Dan O’Brien Story

Dan OBrien and Dave Johnson Before the 1992 Olympic Games

The best example of a true champion was American Decathlete Dan O’Brien.  The secret is attitude

Dan was the 1991 World Champion in his event and the alarming favourite to win the 1992 US Olympic Trials… and the Olympics for that matter!

Of course, we all know what happened.  Dan no-heighted in the pole vault at the US Trials and as a result missed making the Olympic team.   We all remember that silly marketing hype of the infamous “Dan vs. Dave” commercials that totally bombed when Dan suddenly failed to make the team.  “Dave” is Dave Johnson who would eventually win a bronze medal at the games.

There was no protest.  No special rules.  But my mind, the best decathlete in the world stayed home and watched the Olympics on TV like I did!  (well, you can help Broadcast as a commentator as Dan did)

My University track team was lucky to meet Dan O’Brien in 1993 when we were competing at the CIS Championships Track & Field at the “converted” Skydome in Toronto, Canada. Normally, the meet is held on a weekend, but we were competing on a Tuesday & Wednesday, with the IAAF World Indoor Championships that weekend.  Some of us stayed the extra few days to watch the meet, even with final exams looming :(

We bumped into Dan O’Brien that weekend at the hotel lobby, and he was cheerful, kind, and even let us take photos with him.  Back then, they weren’t called selfies.  This was unlike Michael Johnson, who wouldn’t let me take a picture at the London 2012 Olympics.

In an article from USA Today, June 21, 1996, Dan said he learned from his experience:

“My failure at the 1992 trials set the path for where I am today. If it hadn’t happened, and I’d gone on to win the gold medal, I probably wouldn’t even be competing anymore, and I might not be a good loser. The failure showed me how committed I really am.”

Dan O’Brien went on to win the gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics later that summer.

To me, that is a sign of a true champion, and a lot of class. Because it’s all about attitude. Imagine keeping that drive and desire for FOUR more years!

John Smith, HSI

But what is a sign of a true champion?

Here is the best quote from John Smith:

“A true champion, when they lose, they don’t get defeated. They get inspired by their loss. It makes them come back to practce. They can’t wait to get to the track. They blame no one.”

Moral of the story: Don’t let setbacks get you down.

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post How do you Handle Losing a Race… that was yours to Win? appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

Tempo Training Differences for Sprinters and Distance Runners

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How do you recover from hard workouts?

Training may be 80% of your success, but the remaining 20% comes from recovery and regeneration, and that includes sleep.

My hard days involve being on the track, with spikes and fast running. But what about our easy days? Surely we don’t run 6 days a week on a synthetic track?  (Okay, I’ll stop calling you Shirley)

The answer is Tempo runs.

Now, I need to clarify what a tempo run is, as the middle distance and distance runners have their own terminology.

navy seals training

Sprinter Tempo Run

In the sprinter’s world, tempo runs are recovery runs that are sub-max to your max speed.   Ideally, anything between 65-70% of speed is considered a tempo run. If you run a 100m in 10 seconds with a flying start (or 11 seconds with blocks, allowing 1 second for acceleration) then that tempo run speed is 14 or 15 seconds for 100 meters with a running start.   Anything faster is medium intensity and you are not recovering from the previous day’s workout. All of our Tempo runs are done in training flats and on smooth grass surfaces.

Same for 200m. If your PB is 23 seconds, or 22 seconds on the fly, then a tempo 200m is 32-34 seconds with a running start.

If I prescribe 10x100m tempo runs, you can choose to walk back if you are really out of shape. You can also jog back 100m to where you started, then go again. Ultimately for fitness, you can just slow down, turn around, and run! These are called turnarounds or greyhounds. Note the recovery is less and less in each example. Adjust to your athlete’s fitness and aerobic capacity.

The secret to track and field coaching is volume and intensity. Balancing the two is an art, which is why I hate copy-paste programs from books (or heaven forbid, the Internet). For tempo runs in a sprinter’s world, they key purpose is recovery with the hidden benefits of fitness and conditioning. There’s nothing wrong with this tempo workout, even peaking for championship meets. It’s better than sitting in the hotel room all day.

Middle Distance and Long Distance Tempo Runs

However, middle distance and long distance runners are more familiar with the terms “recovery runs, steady state runs, and tempo runs”. So I’ll clarify those three terms.

Recovery Runs are generally 65-70% of your max heart rate, and the pace is considered slower than a marathon pace or ultra-marathon.   The duration of a recovery run is about 15-30 minutes, before boredom sets in. These can even be done after a workout, preferably on a trail or soft grass field. You can even call this the cool-down.

Steady State runs are about 80-85% of max heart rate at a pace of a half-marathon to marathon. 25 minutes to 1 hour is usually the recommended duration, and you’ll need a warm up. You many elect to do a 2 mile easy jog, followed by a 4 miles steady state run, ending in a 2 mile run (total run = 8 miles)

A Tempo Run would be 85-90% max heart rate, at a 10K to half-marathon pace. 15 to 30 minute is the ideal duration for these run and you definitely need to do a warm up beforehand. I would not call this an easy run!

So the term “tempo” is much different for a sprinter than a distance runner. A sprinter’s tempo run is the same intensity as a distance runner’s recovery run.

I hope this clarifies the terminology. Your numbers and intensity may vary slightly.

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Tempo Training Differences for Sprinters and Distance Runners appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

Trey Hardee Hurdle Hops – and Why you Should do Plyometrics

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Let’s face it, the only way you’ll get faster sprinting is by sprinting in your workouts.

That being said, sprinting is all about stride length and stride frequency.

Finally, the primary way to improve stride length is specific force application on the ground.  This means you MUST get stronger in both vertical and horizontal forces and its displacement.

Trey Hardee Hurdle Hops

How to Get Stronger for Sprinting

I won’t get into the “how strong is strong enough” debate as Derek Hansen wrote a great article on that previously.

What I do want to emphasize is whatever exercise you choose must TRANSLATE to the force on the track.  Obviously, sprinting translates very well.

Bench Press will make you good in, uh, Bench Press, unless there is a contest where someone sits on your face.  Let’s keep this Blog family friendly. SIDENOTE: I love bench press because it keeps me steady in the “On your marks” and “Set” position.

I am approaching my 8th year on this Blog, and I still choose 2 exercises to get me stronger for me and my athletes, and that is Weight Training and Plyometrics.  Weights Training… as in free weights, Olympic lifts, and using gym equipment.   Plyometrics… as in body weight exercises using gravity from boxes, to medicine balls or med balls.  Of course, my choice of Weights and Plyometrics has changed from trial and error and experimentation over the past 8 years (as Stu McMillan points out regularly on his Twitter feed).  My body is a chemistry and physics experiment.

Even Arthur Lydiard experimented on himself with his high mileage theories.  He even tried 200 miles a week which left him tired, so he cut back to 140 miles a week.

There is another component of getting stronger and that is the “balance” exercises with swiss balls, bosu balls and trampolines, but we’ll save that discussion for Adarian Barr or other experts on this subject matter.

How to Choose Plyometric Exercises

I ask myself these questions before choosing and adding plyometrics to my weekly microcycle routine:

  1. Do you have access to that equipment?
  2. Will it translate to the track?
  3. Will it work both vertical and horizontal displacement, the same vectors you need for sprinting fast?
  4. Can you incorporate single and double leg actions?
  5. Where in the annual plan (macrocycle, microcycle, mesocycle) do these exercises fit in?  Where in the daily workout do you do Plyos?  We do them after the running portion and before the weight room, preferably outside.
  6. Do all event athletes do the same exercises?  Speed, power, and strength requirements differ for all event types from 100m to long jump.
  7. Do all athletes, from Youth to College to Elite to Masters, need to do the same exercises?  Will it translate?  Do Masters really need to do 48″ box jumps?
  8. Is it worth the risk?  What is the risk and benefit?  I see everyone do hurdle hops… which leads me to the Trey Hardee Hurdle Hops and the inspiration to this article.

Arm Action

Arm action and co-ordination is important, especially when doing bounding or hurdle hops.

As a former triple jumper, the first question I raise is arm action, especially in the Step phase. (see RM article)  Do you use single arm, or double arm (Russian style)?

Strength, Power and Speed are all important to a sprinter, but honourable mention on that list is co-ordination (and to some extent, agility and flexibility).

Stretch Reflex or Pre-tension?

People think the reason why we do plyometrics is for the stretch reflex.  If you haven’t seen this, go to a doctors office, sit on a table, and let him tap under your knee cap for that reflex.  Otherwise, simply go to youtube and watch the rear foot from a slow motion starting block movement.  High school coaches teach the importance of the stretch reflex, which is partially correct.

As your sprint times decrease, and your top end speed increases, you will need greater forces at ground contact, with a shorter ground contact time.  But you will also need to excite the muscles faster for top speed sprinting, but at the same inhibit and relax the antagonist nerves and muscles as compared to an average sprinter.

Excitation and inhibition times are shorter, and with a more forceful ground contact, you will have a longer stride length and thus more “air time”. 

Thus it is the rapid switching from relaxation to pre-tension (or light contraction, muscle tome) right before foot contact that plyometrics teaches so well. (see Trey video)

Full Extension – from the Toes to the Head

You want a full extension coming out of the blocks for maximum power, from the tip of your toes right up to the base of the neck.

And that includes your arms and hands.

Med ball toss is one of the methods to teach this.

Try playing golf on a sheet of ice.  Note how much your legs are used to swing that ball.  Sales with med ball toss.  Your legs are push on the ground and all that stored energy is being transferred to your hands and to the med ball.

Historical Plyometrics

I think this video (and the short shorts) explains it all!

My Top 7 Plyometric Exercises

  1. Split Jumps and Tuck Jumps.  Split Jumps are great when you are limited in space and ceiling requirements, such as hotel rooms!
  2. Low level Hops: single and alternating. Aim for height, work the hamstring, and keep ground contact time to a minimum. As soon as you land, bang!
  3. Bounding (for distance).  Arm action is crucial here, whether it’s single alternate arm or double arm action.
  4. Med Ball Toss.  See my notes on full extension above.
  5. Box Jumps or Depth Jumps… but PLEASE be realistic with the heights.  You don’t need much, as little as 1 foot or 30cm high.  Teaches reactive forces and stretch reflex..
  6. Hurdle Hops:  Again, PLEASE be realistic with the heights.  PROS: great for co-ordination.  CONS: Need hurdles
  7. Jumps Decathlon – for variety and bragging rights, right Ian Graham?  I’ll talk about the Jumps Decathlon table in another article.  Usually I reserve this during testing week.

Putting it all together: Trey Hardee Hurdle Hops

Fabien Ngô wrote a great 2 part series on Hurdle hops on this blog.  See: Hurdle Hops and Extended Bounding Parts 1 and Hurdle Hops and Extended Bounding Part 2.

Take a look at this video and watch the pre-tension and explosion upon landing. And note the use of rhythm and coordination of the arms.

https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=10155338214665571

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Trey Hardee Hurdle Hops – and Why you Should do Plyometrics appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.


Hector Bellerin 40m times vs Usain Bolt

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The topic of Arsenal’s Hector Bellerin’s 40m sprint time recently surfaced when they compared his time to Usain Bolt’s 10m split times.

The media probably referenced my splits from Usain Bolt’s 2008 and 2009 performances (see chart below) where he ran 4.65 and 4.64 respectively for 40 meters en route to 100m.  Note these times account for wind and reaction time!

Héctor Bellerín reportedly ran 4.42 for 40m at his football camp.  No video.

For some reason, the media world has taken these stats by storm (thanks to social media) to the point where Richard Kilty is challenging a “put up or shut up” contest with £30,000 on the line.

Richard Kilty - Theo Walcott - Hector Bellerin

image credits: Telegraph Sports

Comparing Apples & Oranges.. or MJ vs Bailey

Michael Johnson Donovan Bailey World Fastest ManWe all remember when Michael Johnson claimed he was the World’s Fastest Man, by averaging his 19.32 200m time (9.66 x 2) being faster than Donovan Bailey’s 100m time of 9.84!  It doesn’t take a genius to figure out the 2nd half of the 200m time has a running start!

Conversely, You can’t extrapolate a time of 4.42 for 40m to be 11.05 seconds (2.5 x 40m = 100m).

Is that 4.42 hand timed?  Does it factor in reaction time of 0.165 seconds?  Does it factor in deceleration after 60m or 70m as seen in world class sprinters?

The only time that equation is true (2.5 x 40m = 100m) is in a high school physics text book or SAT exam, assuming there is a frictionless surface and in a vacuum to negate air drag!

The reason I bring this up will be evident below… read on.

How do you Determine the Worlds Fastest Man?

How do you determine the Worlds Fastest Man?

  • The winner of the 100m Olympic Gold Medal (The Olympic shortest sprint distance)?
  • The “average speed” in meters per seconds, or miles per hour?
  • The fastest 10m segment? (with or without a running start?)
  • A radar gun (like a police radar) at an instantaneous point of time?

You see, the above all are based on time over distance.

What is Velocity?

The term “Velocity” can be broken down into 3 components:

  • Average velocity
  • Instantaneous velocity
  • Speed

I used the terms “quicker” and “faster” when discussing the Moye blocks. You can be quick, but not fast. You can be fast, but not quick.  Then there’s the trade-off between being too quick or too powerful out of the blocks, but we’ll save that for another article.

The problem with being quick, like the Moye blocks, is you are standing up sooner and have better leg turnover, but no power. It’s like pushing a car stuck in the snow for all my friends in Montreal and the East coast USA. Are you vertical, or more horizontal for more power?

The term “Faster” means either “farther” (greater distance) or “sooner” (less time).

In order for you or me to calculate the speed of an object, we must know how far it goes AND how long it takes to get there. When you ask “how far”, are you referring to the distance, or the displacement?

Thus,

Speed is the rate of change of distance with time.
Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with time.

Remember high school or college physics? Speed is a scalar and velocity is a vector.

Speed gets the symbol v (italic) and velocity gets the symbol v (boldface).

Thus, the instantaneous speed of an object is the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity where:

v = |v|

Okay, enough of the physics…

How are they Calculating speed?

How does Héctor Bellerín rank in terms of average speed in miles per hour?

If 1 Meter per Second = 2.237 Miles per Hour, then 4.42 for 40m is 9.049 m/s or about 20.24 miles per hour, average speed for 40m.

How does that rank?

Player (Team) Speed
Moussa Sissoko (Newcastle) 22.00 mph
Stewart Downing (West Ham) 21.79 mph
Raheem Sterling (Liverpool) 21.78 mph
Ahmed Elmohamady (Hull) 21.62 mph
Wayne Rooney (Manchester United) 21.42 mph
Nathaniel Clyne (Southampton) 21.41 mph
Jordan Henderson (Liverpool) 21.30 mph
Steven Caulker (QPR) 21.27 mph
Jack Colback (Newcastle) 21.20 mph
Christian Eriksen (Tottenham) 21.19 mph
Jake Livermore (Hull) 21.19 mph
Jason Shackell (Burnley) 21.18 mph
Ryan Bertrand (Southampton) 21.18 mph
Danny Ings (Burnley) 21.11 mph
Phil Jagielka (Everton) 21.07 mph
Neil Taylor (Swansea) 21.06 mph
Eden Hazard (Chelsea) 21.05 mph
Branislav Ivanovic (Chelsea) 21.05 mph
Joel Ward (Crystal Palace) 21.03 mph
Ashley Williams (Swansea) 20.98 mph

Source: Telegraph Sports

Something doesn’t add up with these numbers.  Are they using the full 40 meters average speed, or possibly the last 20m split?

If they are using the full 40, then Moussa Sissoko ran 4.06 for 40m?  I doubt it.

If you’ve seen Héctor Bellerín play, you think something is flawed!

The Distance is Fixed, the Measurement is Time

The average sports fan and TV viewer prefers (at least conceptually) the measurement of time. Of course, the average television fan doesn’t consider other factors such as wind, altitude, track surface, or modern technology such as speed suits or high tech sprint spikes.

But we really should be using velocity.

The problem with measuring time is it doesn’t show the whole picture. There are many components to 100 meter race.

In track, ideally a 10 meter segment can be used, only if official splits are setup. Video analysis are not accurate unless you have the same setup for every race. Video analysis is accurate when used among different athletes in the same race (like the IAAF biomechanical studies)

Then again, they don’t give gold medals to the fastest 10 meter segment, or 40 yard dash for that matter.

It doesn’t take much to figure out that the 3 secrets of a great 100m time is reaching top speed (acceleration), a fast top speed (maximum velocity), and maintaining that top speed (speed endurance). Perhaps splitting atoms is easier?


Usain Bolt’s top speed is over 27 mph based on 10m splits
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0.83 sec/10 meters translates to 12 meters per second (m/s) or almost 27 miles per hour (mph) or 43 kilometers per hour (kph)  (see chart on left). 

Compare elite sprinters going over 27 mph (using 10 meter split) over the top 20 fastest players in the Premier League, which is just under 22 mph (averaging 40m time?)

You can’t use these miles-per-hour numbers unless you are consistent.

Very few elite sprinters have reached the 12 m/s “speed limit” (or 26.8 mph), that list includes Tim Montgomery, Maurice Green, and Ben Johnson. Of course, add today’s superstars like Asafa Powell, Tyson Gay and Usain Bolt.


3 secrets to a great 100m time is acceleration, maximum velocity and speed endurance
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Only in Beijing 2008 did we see Usain Bolt drop that to 0.82 sec/10 meters, then dropping again to 0.81 sec/10 meters in Berlin 2009.

Timing Differences between Track and Football

There are several differences between a track split and the American Football 40 yard dash:

  • Surfaces.  There’s a difference in Mondo vs. Grass vs. Astroturf
  • Shoes.  Are we using football cleats or boots, or track and field spikes?
  • Converting a hand time to FAT with 0.24 seconds.  Sorry, but a 4.42 hand time is really 4.5 HT rounded up, or 4.74 when “converted” to FAT.
  • Reaction time.  Football’s 40 yard dash don’t go on a starter’s pistol but on an athlete’s motion or breaking a beam (also dependent on the athlete). The average reaction time among elite sprinters from the gun to the moment they exert pressure on the starting block’s electronic pads is about .15 seconds, and anything less than 0.10 seconds is considered a false start.  So in track, you are automatically adding 0.10 seconds.
  • Wind.  In track, a tail wind of up to +2.0 m/s is allowed.  Is there wind inside a football stadium?
  • FAT timing start and finish.  Football’s 40 yard dash start is hand timed, and the finish is “electronic”.  As long as they are consistent with their own athletes, that’s fine, but don’t compare that to track FAT sprint times.

We don’t know exactly how the Premier League Football internal 40 meter time is calculated.  But the points above will hopefully point out the differences, and hopefully there are.

 And at the end of the Day…

… the song remains the same.  Let’s move on.

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Hector Bellerin 40m times vs Usain Bolt appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

Get Off My Lawn [SHIN SPLINTS 2015]

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I can get into “cranky old man” mode pretty easily.

I usually feel I have adapted to modern times. I have acquiesced to the necessary technological gadgets of this era, and have, in some cases, become an “early adopter”. I am a discerning consumer of contemporary culture including music, film, art, media and literature. I truly love, and mostly understand, my students, who are millennials. I have even grown to accept certain things which used to stick in my craw, like tattoos and body piercing.

However, there are still some things that send me into a tizzy. Bad manners. Poor grammar. The DH in the American League. Phonies using wheel chairs in airports. Lindsey Lohan. Robo-calls. Pop-up ads. Justin Bieber. Ohio State. The TSA. Replacing the ink in a printer. Tail-gating drivers. Being put “on hold”. Waiting for a table at a restaurant. Los Angeles. Red Sox Nation. Yoga. Pledge week on NPR. Maureen Dowd. Green or blue toe nail polish. Line jumpers. Talking during movies. The smell of fried foods. Sen. Ted Cruz. A-Rod. Whiners. Plastic surgery. Red Bull. Abba. Aluminum baseball bats. Dental hygienists. Humvees. Tie-dyed shirts. Barry Manilow and his look-alike, Charles Krauthammer. In-flight announcements. Florida Governor Rick Scott. Dick Vitale. Artificial turf. Mailings from AARP. People who offer their cheek to be kissed. Indoor baseball. Racists. Tofu. Lousy tippers. Kudzu. Over-salting in restaurant food. Men who hit women. New Jersey Governor Chris Christie. Coach Bill Belichick. Analytics. Las Vegas. Kobe. University of Phoenix. Home Depot.

Get_off_My_Lawn

You get the picture.

There are two relatively new developments which, in my view, are destroying the soul of sports. And both of them have aroused my inner, cranky self.

The first of these is segmentation.

Sports used to be a great democratizer. In days gone by, when a ticket to a sporting event was within the reach of virtually everyone, you were sure to spend a few hours at a game or match mingling with people of all classes, races, nationalities. Businessmen sat next to janitors; politicians sat next to their constituents; the neighborhood merchant sat next to his customers. These venues were replacing the Greek Agora, community marketplaces of ideas. They satisfied our anthropological yearnings to come together to share an experience. Cab drivers discussed the games with their fares; cafes were a place where sports were replayed the next day by people of all classes.

Then, about fifty years ago, the business model for sports changed. Owners discovered that their audiences were less price-sensitive than they thought. They no longer were concerned that their product be within reach of all segments of society. They discovered they could fill their emporiums with the higher income demographic strata. They cavalierly assumed that those of lesser means could be left to witness these contests on television or radio.

They also began to radically segment their product by pricing. You could, for one afternoon or evening, be a big-shot; a VIP. And, if you were not a VIP in real life, you could acquire a few hours of the experience with your wallet. Separate entrances; suites; special lounges; better food; more luxurious toilets; these are what’s for sale at our modern day cathedrals of sports. We now can come together and share an experience with “people like us”. These, now essential, elements of contemporary venues, actually drive us apart rather than bring us together. And, we have lost something along the way.

The second disturbing element that irks me is fantasy sports.

Daniel Okrent, a writer for the Texas Monthly, is given the credit for this strange invention. It was originally called Rotisserie League because the first contest was organized in 1980 at La Rotisserie Francaise, a bistro on 52nd Street in Manhattan. There were ten teams that first season, “owned” by a bunch of writers, editors and academics. They each put in $250.00 and the winner collected half of the pot.

Today, some forty million fans participate in some form of fantasy sports, including eight million women. And, rather than the season-long contests that were incorporated in earlier models, the newest rage is something known as Daily-Fantasy. In this iteration one chooses, or “drafts”, a team for that day from the rosters of the entire league, and “wins” based on daily, individual performances. It is wagering, pure and simple, though legalized by a fortuitous loophole in Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act [UIGEA] of 2006.

Daily fantasy is dominated by two companies, FanDuel, founded in 2009, and DraftKings. FanDuel awarded more than five hundred million dollars in cash prizes in 2014, and plans to triple that payout this year.

So what’s the problem? The problem is that this aberration is redirecting fans away from the tribal rite of rooting for their teams [or what Jerry Seinfeld used to call “cheering for the laundry”, his term for team uniforms]. You see fans coming to games with their iPads, distracted from the live action, looking to see what their virtual teams are doing. Instead of sharing an experience with a group of mutually invested fanatics, sports audiences are rapidly becoming an aggregation of nerdy, analytics driven, numbers crunchers whose rooting loyalties are dispersed throughout the league. I hate it!

You damn kids, get off my lawn!

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Doug Logan

Doug Logan

Adjunct Professor of Sports Management at New York University

Doug Logan is an Adjunct Professor of Sports Management, at New York University. He was the CEO for USATF from 2008 until September 2010 and the CEO, President and Commissioner for Major League Soccer from 1995 to 1999.

The post Get Off My Lawn [SHIN SPLINTS 2015] appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

Why 400m Sprinters have Lower Body Fat than 100m Sprinters & Marathoners

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Back in 1984, there was a study with all the Los Angeles Olympic athletes to determine which athletes and their respective event had the lowest body fat.

I read it on Runners World, so it has to be true.  Just like reading anything from The Sun… if it’s in The Sun, it has to be true.

At first glance, people initially thought marathoners were the leanest of the bunch just because they were the “skinniest” of the bunch.

The leanest athletes were based on body fat measurements with 400m sprinters being the lowest group.   Yes, hard to believe, even leaner than 100m sprinters or marathoners!

Jeremy Wariner Athens 2004 Olympics

We are looking at body fat percentages here, and in relation to lean muscle mass.  One has to just look at Jeremy Wariner (above) and see the perfect body for 400 meters.  Of course, strength to weight ratios must also be considered, but I’ll save that topic for another post, along with the famous Weight Vest Study.

So now the general public think Marathoners were skinny, but 400m sprinters are “skinnier”?  This kind of absurdity led to interval training being the best (or only) way to lose fat, and all that Tabata protocol hype.

It’s true… 400m sprinters do a lot of interval and circuit training, and it’s not uncommon for a typical 400m recovery workout to be 30 x 100m (or 15 x 200m, or even 10 x 300m, totalling 3000m) of low intensity tempo running. (see my clarification on Tempo Running here, plus other sample Tempo Workouts for Sprinters)  Some coaches do a lot of butt-lock lactic-acid medium intensity interval work, but we’ll also save that discussion for another day, because I’ve covered that topic in several short-to-long vs long-to-short arguments.

It’s also true you’ll burn more calories doing 3000m of interval work than 3000m of aerobic cardio running.  But that’s the volume x intensity logic, with intervals being higher intensity over easy jogging.  Same distance, higher intensity.  Plus let us not forget about EPOC: exercise post oxygen consumption.

The Croatian Study

Here is an interesting study with a sample pool of Track and Field athletes from Croatia:

ANTHROPOMETRIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RUNNERS (193kb PDF)

From the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia, they studied the anthropometric and morphological characteristics of 46 national level track-and-field athletes.  Body fat percentage, body mass index and body constitution type were also calculated.

In terms of body fat, we saw measurements from  15 sprinters (5.5%), 13 endurance sprinters (5.4%), 9 middle-distance runners (7.1%) and 9 long-distance runners (6.3%).

I know 5.5% and 5.4% are not statistically significant, especially with 28 sprinters, but for now, this is the best study I could find other than a 1985 copy of a Runners World magazine.  If you know of such study, please let me know.

Single digit body fat is ideal, but I’ll bet there are a lot of sprinters, from College to Masters, who are easily double digits.


Single digit body fat is ideal for Sprinters
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The Take Home Message

It’s definitely a chicken and the egg situation here.  Or Catch-22.

You want your quarter-milers to be super lean, because every non-functional extra pound or kilogram you are carrying is unnecessary weight.  45+ strides in a 100m.  90+ strides in a 200m. Or 180+ strides in a 400m.

So aim to keep your body fat level to the lowest possible, but not at the expense of muscle mass and strength… or sanity, for that matter.  DON’T start dieting or going Bulimic on me just because you read this article.  Talk to your coach first.  Talk to your Mother.   And of course, use common sense.

Stay tuned for Part 2 as we attempt to look into the correlation between Body Fat and Sprint Times.

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Why 400m Sprinters have Lower Body Fat than 100m Sprinters & Marathoners appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

Correlation between Body Fat and Sprint Times [Part 2]

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I do have a confession.  I used to have a weight problem.

Not that kind of weight problem, where I have to join Weight Watchers or do some silly diet for fat loss.  I was just too big.  Too muscular.  Too heavy.

Jimson Lee @ 190lb, circa 1987  Photo Credits: Christian Landry

In my last article Why 400m Sprinters have Lower Body Fat than 100m Sprinters & Marathoners, there were some good ideas on “why and how” to stay lean.

For example, I pointed out why people think Interval training (and 400m training) is the secret to leanness.  I also addressed strength to body weight ratios, as well as running efficiency (or running economy).  I wrote about speed reserve in the past, and sprinting economy is the secret weapon to running a good 400m.  Running the first 200m one second slower than your PR is one thing; running it efficient with less energy is another.  For more information, read 400 meters Speed Reserve and Running Economy

For any sprinter, especially 400m sprinters, any excess non-functional weight should be removed, unless you are strong for your weight.

At 85 kg or 188 lbs, and at 6 feet tall, I was one of the biggest guys out there.  I’m certainly no Jeremy Wariner.  I was always single digits in body fat (or just barely), always below 10% but never near 5% like Elite athletes.   But I never broke 7 seconds for 60m, and only ran sub 11 once.  There was a lot of mass, but I didn’t flip truck tires or do Farmer’s walk.  I was strong, but not strong for my weight.

I wasn’t fat, but I probably could have eaten better as an athlete and lost a few pounds, both in subcutaneous fat as well as intramuscular fat.

I was big, but not super-lean like elite athletes.

We used the 10 point calliper test, and I was always less than 1 cm for each skinfold.  The general public likes to use “pinch an inch” (2.54 cm) to determine if you should lose weight but I think athletes should be “pinch a centimeter” as a guideline.  You must be lean.

But I look back and ponder; if I lost some body fat, how fast could I run?  What is the correlation between Body Fat and Sprint Times?


If I lose some body fat without muscle loss, how fast can I run?
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Correlation between Body Fat and Sprint Times

Probably the only way to test for this is try it on your own body.   Either lose fat, or put on some artificial non-functional weight such as a weight vest.  You already use sleds or resistance exercises, so this concept is familiar to you.

But you can’t assume the reverse it true.  For example, if you run 5% slower with 5% more weight in a weight vest, surely shedding 5% of fat won’t result in running 5% faster?  (Okay, I’ll stop calling you Shirley)

If it’s a horse, then it has 4 legs.  If it has 4 legs, then it’s a horse.  True or False?  Science is great. Interpreting results to get results is another thing.

But we need to test our hypothesis…

Weight Vest Study

1972 400mH Olympic Champion John Akii-Bua used to train in a weight vest all the time.

In the 2011 study titled Influence of upper-body external loading on anaerobic exercise performance, 46 subjects (21 men and 25 women) were tested for vertical jump, 20 yard and 40 yard dash, and 20-yd shuttle tests under 6 different loading conditions (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% of added body weight).

At 2% increase, there was a significant performance decrease!

(Disclaimer: they did not use Elite or Olympic athletes in the study.  I think there should be a study using trained athletes who are used to resistance training.)

At 85 kg, I could have dropped 1.7Kg and made a difference!  At 188 lbs, I could have dropped 3.7 lb and moved up a few spots at Nationals!  That kind of weight loss was realistic.  2% is nothing, except when you lose a race.

A 2% increase from a 4.70 40 yard dash equals 4.79 seconds.


Running a Crossfit 400m under 80 seconds is one thing.  Running sub 50 is another league.
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If you are doing Crossfit and want to run a 400m under 80 seconds, that’s one thing.  But trying to run sub 50 at College or High School is another thing.

So I think we all agree that any excess weight will make a difference, and every effort should be made to dispose of it.

MORAL OF THE STORY: The most important things in life don’t cost a lot of money.  Time is one of them. The other is making smart food choices.  You don’t have to “diet” to lose weight.  Just change your food selection, coupled with smart training, and the pounds should come off.

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Correlation between Body Fat and Sprint Times [Part 2] appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

Prevent Hamstring Pulls by Fixing & Detecting Weak Hamstrings

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I hear this crap all the time.

An athlete pulls their hamstring from overreaching or fatigue in a sprint event, then the coach tells him (or her) to heal up, and start strengthening the hamstring by doing hamstring curls in the gym.

(NOTE: if you pulled your hamstring, read my article on hamstring rehab)

To strengthen the hamstrings, traditional coaches make them do lying hamstring curls face down.

There is another camp of coaches that say it’s better the stand up and do the hamstring curls, because you should do ALL your weights standing, as that emulates running, and not sitting or lying.  (to some extent, I believe this)

Prevent Hamstring Pulls by Fixing & Detecting Weak Hamstrings

Testing for Weak Hamstrings

I recall pulling a hamstring tear “up high” near the ischiotuberosity.  It didn’t hurt that much, I just could not push, and even the women would beat me doing 10 x 100m tempo strides on an easy day.

hamstring leg curlThe way to test that is with a variety of physio tests, ultimately testing using a Cybex machine.  But you can do this by doing a hamstring curl and a leg (quadricep) curl, and measuring the strength or weights.

Research dictates the hamstrings should be 2/3rds (66%) of the strength of your quads.  i.e. if you can leg curl 100 lbs, you should hamstring curl 66 lbs.

If you can’t, these so-called coaches make you do 3 sets of 10-15 hamstring curls, to build up to that 66% of your leg curl weight.

Sound familiar?

The Best Way to Test for Weak Hamstrings

As you all know, I am a big fan of bench press, squats, and Olympic lifts.

And with squats, I ONLY do them with free weights.

So here is how I test for weak hamstrings.

front-squat example

I, too, believe in a structural balance between the hamstrings and quadriceps. If your front-squat weight is less than 85 percent of your back squat, then you have a structural imbalance.   Notice how my number is 85% and not 66%.

The hamstrings are mostly fast-twitch fibres and respond better to low reps and heavier weights.

Thus I think 3 sets of 15 is terrible advice for hamstring curls.  You should do anywhere from 2-8 reps of up to 4-6 sets (see my Bob McCrindle 8-6-4-2-2 workout scheme, followed by a 4 x 5, then a 3 x 3).  I have over 130+ articles in the Weight Training Category.

Click here for Derek Hansen’s Hamstring Rehab and Sprint Mechanics Management Video 4 part video:

  • Part 1: Hamstring Injuries and Risk Factors
  • Part 2: Hamstring Assessment and Initial Rehab
  • Part 3: Hamstring Sprint Rehab
  • Part 4: Hamstring Rehab and Sprint Mechanics Management in a real live setting with an elite athlete

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Prevent Hamstring Pulls by Fixing & Detecting Weak Hamstrings appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

Best ways to Recover from a Marathon

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Inspired by several of my friends who ran the London Marathon today, here are the top 7 ways to recover from a marathon.

Food

There is no magic food or supplement that will cure muscle soreness or DOMS (Read How to Relieve Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness or DOMS).  The amount of trauma, especially in your legs and the pounding of 26 miles to your quadricep, will win against any food or supplement.

But you have to eat, right?  So you might as well eat all of your favourite foods and make sure you are eating enough protein and carbs.  I prefer real food over powders if I can control my environment.  (I won’t pack sashimi in an ice pack before my workout as protein shakes are much more convenient)

Based on personal experience and sport science, protein and Vitamin C are the two best ways for recovery of this nature.   Fish oil is also widely regarded as a great anti-inflammatory.  So if you are into pills and powders, look at protein shakes, Vitamin C and Fish Oil, in that order.

Best ways to Recover from a Marathon

Low-Impact or No-Impact

I recall reading an article on how you need one day “off” for every Mile you race.  That’s 6 days off for a 10K or 26 days off from a full 26 mile marathon.  That being said, you should keep all impactful exercises, including running, to a minimum.

Try walking?  Or swimming, or even Elliptical in a gym.  Any exercise that prevents pounding on your legs to aggravate more damage.

The secret is you have to move, and I think walking is one of the best forms of exercise.   Besides, we all have to travel from Point A to Point B (especially London).  So why not add it to your routine?   Why not walk from Waterloo station to East Central London?

Just remember walking one mile is the same amount of calories burned than running a mile.  The walking may take 20 minutes, compared to running in 8 minutes.  Or 4 minutes.  It’s the same thing, just longer in time.

Low Intensity Static Stretching or Microstretching

You’ll probably feel fine the day after the marathon, but two days later (i.e. Tuesday) will be your worse day, as that is when DOMS sets in.

There is pending research that Microstretching is beneficial for DOMS, as well as improve your range of motion. I’m not talking about aggressive stretching with a goal of reaching places you never reached before.  I am referring to gentle stretching without pain or discomfort.

After all, you are already in a world of hurt!

Topical Creams and Gels

Topical Arnica Montana (not Hannah Montana) and Traumeel are homeopathic topical cream you can use.

I’ve covered the benefits of REgel and I personally use this. It’s a non Camphor or Menthol based gel, which is good because both Camphor or Menthol can cause blistering when used with heat and bandages.

Don’t expect instant results, but the short term relief may be all you need to get you going through the day.

The Dreaded Ice Bath

ice bath in garbage canIce is now the most popular means of post-workout recovery.  It’s not uncommon for Teams on the road to buy giant garbage bins or recycling bins for leaves, and fill it with ice water.

The science is now debatable, but if the runner feels like it’s helping shrink the inflammation and trauma, then that placebo is better than nothing.

Just remember recovery is still your main priority, at least for the next 26 days!

Put Your Feet Up

Now is a good time to brag about your achievements and elevate your feet up on a chair.  Gravity is your enemy (especially for wrinkles!) so prop your legs up and reduce the swelling that’s pooling in the legs.

Watch that Massage

This is something you should avoid, at least temporarily as there is enough trauma and inflammation in your legs.  If you go for a massage, work on the lower back, glutes and hips; and be gentle on the legs, especially the quadriceps.  No sense irritating those inflamed muscles.

If you really want a massage for the legs, make sure it’s very superficial to work on blood flow and recovery.  No deep tissue massage, at least not yet.

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Best ways to Recover from a Marathon appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

Why are English and French the Official Olympic Languages?

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Why are English and French the Official Olympic Languages?

Because the founder of the IOC (International Olympic Committee) and “father” of the modern Olympics was a Frenchman? Baron Pierre de Coubertin?

Because the IOC is based in Lausanne, the French-speaking part of Switzerland?

Because (English speaking) NBC has held the American broadcasting rights to the Summer Olympic Games since the 1988 games?   Paying $4.38 billion until 2020?  And paying $7.75 billion for the exclusive broadcast rights from 2022 to 2032 (i.e. 6 Olympics)?

Any announcement or proclamation at the Olympic Games are in three languages: English, French, and the host nation. If the host nation speaks French or English, as we witnessed in London 2012, only two languages are used.

Why is that?

Based on the top 12 languages spoken in the world, surely we should be using Chinese or Hindi?

And how does French beat Spanish?  118M vs 389M?

Why are English and French the Official Olympic Languages?(Source: These seven maps and charts, visualized by The Washington Post)

That’s because the number of eligible countries determines the order of language spoken.

With English spoken in 88 countries worldwide, French with 28 and Spanish with 20, that is the reason English and French are chosen to be the official languages.

It’s that simple.

olympicsfightingwell.jpg

The moral of the story:

L’important dans la vie ce n’est point le triomphe, mais le combat, l’essentiel ce n’est pas d’avoir vaincu mais de s’être bien battu.

The important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking part. The essential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well.

– Pierre de Coubertin

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post Why are English and French the Official Olympic Languages? appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.


7 Best Tips for Purchasing Wearable Technology and Activity Trackers

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When I was ten years old in 1980, my parents received a pedometer as a gift from a friend. It was an interesting little device that looked like a fancy stopwatch of sorts. It was round and had a belt clip that you could fasten on your waist. When you shook it, it made a jiggling sound inside like there was something loose floating around within the casing. You could manually set your stride length for running or walking and the dial on the pedometer would churn out your mileage. As a young athlete, I was fascinated by this “technology” and would run around our backyard trying to amass mileage for no good reason.

7 Best Tips for Purchasing Wearable Technology and Activity Trackers

Pedometer

I even went to the local track to figure out my mileage, even though I knew each lap was 400 meters. The interesting thing was that everyone in my family was relatively active so we didn’t really worry about how much exercise we accumulated or how far we ran. My parents jogged and hiked, and my brother and I played numerous sports, including Track and Field. We just moved a lot, kept fit and left it at that. Hence, the nifty pedometer, after a few test runs, was left in a drawer for the remainder of my childhood.

Enter 2015 and we have a whole bunch of companies clamouring for your attention, wanting to track every little movement you make. In essence, they are all ultra-complex versions of the simple pedometer I played around with 35 years ago. They can track your heart rate, monitor your mileage with GPS, document simple movements from your wrist, measure your body temperature and let you know if you have a restful sleep. How fast is my heart beatig?  How far did I run? Did I really have as crappy a sleep as it seemed?We all love data, particularly if it is data about our biological functions and our accomplishments, however trivial. How fast is my heart beating, how far did I run and did I really have as crappy a sleep as it seemed? All of these questions can be answered, and more. All you have to do is shell out a bunch of cash for what typically is packaged as a wrist-worn device that collects your activity data.

Being the techno-geek that I am, I have been looking closely at these devices as of late to see which one will be the ‘ultimate’ activity tracker for me. Of course, this means breaking out Microsoft Excel and creating my activity tracker features matrix that allows me to accurately determine the value of each product and make an informed decision. Thus, I am simply creating more data in order to purchase a device that gives me more data. I can’t wait to get my sleep-tracking device to figure out how much I’m not sleeping at night worrying about collecting more data.


How fast is my heart beating?  How far did I run?  Did I really have as crappy a sleep as it…
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When doing this type of evaluation, we are often tempted to find the device that does absolutely everything we want and then make our purchase. This is the world we live in. We desire one device that will do everything for us. I love cameras and I often get into these dilemmas when looking at new models on the market. Do I want a camera with a long zoom? Do I want one that has a great sensor? Do I need one that is compact? Can I get one that shoots still photos and video at extremely high quality? In the end, I want a camera that does it all. Unfortunately, they simply don’t make that camera and you ultimately need to compromise on some features. Screen Shot 2015-04-22 at 5.24.09 PMThis is the same dilemma with activity trackers, or any consumer product for that matter. You will never get everything in one specific product. And sometimes, when they try to give you everything, it is rarely a very good product. Thus, you need to outline which features make the most sense for you and the activities you plan on tracking.


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Key features and qualities for any activity tracker or wearable tech device when considering your purchase will be as follows:

Convenience

Any consumer-level tech device, no matter how powerful, should be easy to use and not require the user to file through a thick operating manual. Putting the device on and letting it do the rest is pretty much what people expect. Perhaps you have to enter some user profile data such as age, sex and exercise preference. However you don’t want to be entering your blood type, shoe size and your most recent immunization shots. Once your user preferences are entered, you simply want to press start and be on your merry way.

The next convenience feature will be how easily you get the data out of the device and onto your computer, tablet or smart-phone. Ideally, a wireless transfer of data would be a preferred method of transferring data, as we always seem to lose the correct USB cable, particularly if it is a proprietary cable. A one-button solution for data transfer or self-uploading function would be the easiest way to make this happen for the average user. I have a few devices that are pretty good at making a connection when in close proximity to my computer, and I’m quite happy with it. Of course, in many instances wireless connections can be less robust, with the user never really knowing if a solid connection has been made or why it has not been made. I assume that the reliability of wireless connectivity will continue to improve with seamless integration with smart-phone apps a foregone conclusion.

Battery life should also fall under the category of convenience. If you need to charge the battery every day or more frequently, which can be the case for some of the more complex devices, it can become a significant inconvenience. Some of the more simple activity trackers can go without a recharge for seven to ten days. This may be an important consideration if you are already charging your smart phone and other personal devices on a daily basis.

Either way, on-line reviews by customers seem to provide good information on the convenience factor. If people find it confusing or frustrating, they typically return the item pretty quickly. If you find you are burning more calories switching the unit on, transferring data or adjusting the fit of the device, it is a pretty good sign that it’s not for you.

Accuracy

Some people are real sticklers for accuracy with their activity tracking devices. I know when I bought my first GPS watch several years ago, my first inclination was to go to the nearest running track – which I assumed was accurately installed – and jog one lap in the first lane to see if my watch accurately displayed 400 meters at the conclusion of the lap. To my dismay, the GPS watch was typically off by one to two percent (4 to 8 meters per lap) and it was a bit of a letdown. “Technological devices produced by scientists should be accurate!” I thought to myself. But everyday devices in our life are often inaccurate by the same or greater margin of error including speedometers and odometers in cars, bathroom weigh scales and thermometers in ovens. Yet we don’t seem to get the same anxiety when a pan of cookies comes out a little crisper than we would have liked.

GPS_Mapping
If anything, I would only ask that these devices not be reliable and consistent with their inaccuracies. If I knew that my GPS watch or my activity tracker was consistently off by one to two percent, I could do the math in my head and get a better sense of my running distances and other performance measures, just like a scale that is always off by five pounds. It is when there is great variability in error that I get concerned. Some activity trackers, heart rate monitors and GPS devices suffer from this problem in varying degrees. It really depends on your tolerance for inaccuracy and reliability.

Real Time Data Availability

VivoactiveIndividuals often want to see their results right away. This means that a big display on the unit, showing your progress in real-time, is of great importance to the user. This is significant for endurance athletes who rely on GPS or heart rate monitoring for managing their pace or output. In the case of runners, cyclists or swimmers, managing their pace per mile, viewing their velocity or keeping in the correct heart rate zone can be critical for optimizing their performance in both training and competition. A large display screen combined with audible signals and vibration alerts are a must for the sector of the market. Of course, all of these features must be balanced off with battery life, aesthetics and comfort, as you don’t want a small computer monitor on your wrist.

Some people simply want to look at their results at the end of the day. Smaller, discrete activity trackers are better for this group of exercisers. Pacing is not an issue and overall activity totals are more to their liking. They will not adjust their activity mid-stream or fret about their heart rate going off the rails. If you are the type of person that simply want to join a fitness class, go for a random hike, walk around your neighborhood or measure your sleep activity, a smaller activity tracker may be enough to satisfy your needs.

Cost

As with all technology, there are varying levels of cost that are available to consumers. You can go all in and buy the top of the line device with all the bells and whistles that you may never use. Or, you can settle in on a device that satisfies your most simple needs and makes you feel like you have not been left behind in the wearable revolution.

Screen Shot 2015-04-22 at 5.29.09 PMThere are two types of people that will buy the most expensive top-end devices: those that actually use all of the functionality of the device, and those that simply want to tell others that they plan on using all the functions. In actuality, the average person does not need the most expensive wearable tech device. They may not even need the mid-grade models. It is up to the individual to determine what functionality you need and make your purchase decision based on those needs. Trust me – in 12-18 months, the technology will have advanced considerably and you will probably buy a new device anyways, if you haven’t already broken it doing CrossFit workouts. Try to determine what you need and what you will use, and find the best price for those features. If you want to buy the most expensive device to impress your friends, knock yourself out.

Application Software Bundle

Sometimes you can buy a great, durable and reliable wearable tech device and then find out the software or application bundled with the software is not to your liking. Older generations of devices would have software that you could install on your computer to interact with your device. New generation wearables connect to on-line dashboards that summarize your data with maps, tables, graphs and other data visualizations. While some of these applications are convenient, some can also be cumbersome. You may want to check out reviews of the wearable tech device you are considering and find out what is offered on the application end. Some people will walk you through the upload and analysis process on YouTube to give you a feel for what to expect.

DashboardI also like the idea of being able to summarize data myself using a spreadsheet application like Microsoft Excel. Thus, raw data export ability is a must for me, but not necessarily offered by all companies. The Garmin Connect application that accompanies my wife’s GPS and heart rate monitor watch allows export to TCX, GPX, Google Earth and CSV files. The Suunto Movescount application also provides a multitude of export formats that can be very convenient for the upper-end, geeked-out user. Do your research and make sure you are able to review the data collected by your device in the format you prefer. On the other hand, some people simply like to see that they have taken more steps or burnt off more calories from day to day.

Durability

MudderIf you are a serious athlete and weeklong warrior, you should really base your purchase decision on durability. For those who will be playing a physical team sport, impact resistance may be a consideration (if you are permitted to wear the device during play). If you are in the water for your activities, the appropriate water resistance rating will be an important consideration, with a 50 to 100 meter rating typically providing adequate protection for basic swimming and passive water sports. If you are going to be using your device during a Tough Mudder event, you may want to consider one of the more robust models that have been tested under the conditions you will experience. And this does not only include the integrity of the electronic components. I know a lot of people who have been confounded by the breaking of the wrist strap at the most inopportune times. I encourage everyone to read user reviews and learn from the successes and failures of people using these devices under similar conditions.

The average person may only need a level of durability that will get them through the day. This will include day-to-day wear that includes sleeping, showering, passive exercise and the odd bump against the wall. While this doesn’t sound like much, the repetitive nature of these activities drawn out over a year or two can add up. We all understand that tech devices have a rather short lifespan as newer, more advanced devices emerge every few months. However, I should point out that some of my older generation wearable tech devices – analog wristwatches – have lasted me for 20 to 30 years, and continue to tell the correct time. So, it is not much to ask that our current wearables last for at least two to three years.

Aesthetics

watch-dmHuman nature is human nature and we all want the things we wear to look cool and trendy. This is also true of wearable technology. Only when the functionality of the device far outweighs the aesthetics requirement do we compromise on the design issue. This was the case with the first generation of GPS watches that looked like a folded calculator on your wrist. But now, advances in technology have allowed us to shrink down these devices and make them fashionable and cool, not geeky. The problem is that if you make the device too small and discrete, the interface will be less readable and interaction with the device will be difficult.

The key for most wearable tech companies is to make their device functional, but also make it fashionable. In many cases, design must supersede function to evoke an emotional response from consumers. If your product looks ugly, it probably won’t sell at all. But if your product looks cool, some of the functionality can still be rectified with a future firmware upgrade. Lots of car aficionados love the Ferraris and Jaguars of yesteryear, even though they spend more than half of their life in the repair shop. The emotional attachment to aesthetically pleasing objects also extends to consumer electronics now more than ever.

Final Thoughts on Wearable Tech


Effective problem solving with good data is the most important decision for wearable tech
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garminIf you really want to be happy with your wearable tech purchase, go with a company with a proven track record with the feature that you require the most accuracy. If you value GPS for running, cycling and/or swimming, Garmin has a lot of experience. If you want good heart rate monitoring, Suunto and Polar have a good track record. For those that want activity tracking through movement, including sleep monitoring, Fitbit and Jawbone seem to have the edge on the competition. These are simply my casual observations on the market, and perhaps another company will surge past these leaders in due time.

One thing that will be certain is that the precision and accuracy of data collection will reach a critical mass and we won’t see much improvement beyond what the average consumer requires for their health and fitness. There will always be a small portion of geeks who want their movement accuracy measured to the nearest millimeter, but this is not what the general public wants or needs. Where the technology developers will make the biggest headway, as with any data collection technology, is how they display and summarize the data, as well as provide prescriptions on activity modification to the user. Effective problem solving with good data is going to be the most important step in the process for wearable tech.

Effective problem solving with good data is the most important decision for wearable techA prime example would be the sleep tracker that determines that you have had a horrible sleep. Not only did you take too long to fall asleep, you tossed and turned the whole time, sat up six times during the night and woke up much too early and very agitated. Most of us can figure it out when this happens without a wearable device by simply looking at the arrangement of pillows and blankets in the morning. An activity tracker showing colorful graphs of the crappy nature of our sleep patterns may only create more anxiety. What we all want to know is how to avoid poor sleep and make incremental improvements. When companies come up with creative solutions from their data output (aside from the typical suggestions of reduce your caffeine intake and avoid computer screens before bed) it will set them apart from the competition.

If you are currently in the market for a wearable tech device to help you monitor your performance, health and fitness, I would suggest doing your research on your personal performance goals and then determining which device can provide you with the best data to help achieve those goals. Triathletes will have different goals than weightlifters. Runners will have different goals than cyclists. And, cross training athletes will tend to be harder on their devices than people who simply want to go for a walk. If you are not sure what to buy, the best advice you can take is simply “wait and see.” Wearable tech is growing into a multi-billion dollar industry and new advances are being made every quarter. You will only benefit from being patient to find the most suitable purchase.

 

                  

 

 

                  

 

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Derek M. Hansen

Derek is a NSCA Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist that has been working with athletes in speed, strength and power sports since 1988. He has worked with some of the top performers in the world as a coach and a consultant – including Olympic medallists, world record holders, Canadian National team athletes, and professional athletes from numerous sports. He also serves as a consultant to professional teams and NCAA Division 1 programs throughout North America.

The post 7 Best Tips for Purchasing Wearable Technology and Activity Trackers appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

It Takes All Types

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By Barry Cook.  Part 6 of a 6 part series.  Read Part 1 titled Personality-Based Winning first, then Part 2 Learning is a Cycle.  Part 3 is Learning Driven.  Part 4 is Perception or Reality.  Part 5 is Say What You Mean.

This article appeared in the Athletics Weekly November 22, 2013 printed edition, reprinted with permission. For more coaching advice, visit http://www.athleticsweekly.com

The gap now in elite performances is so small that coaches need to use whatever knowledge they have to give their athletes an advantage over their opponents

As a coach or athlete, do you know which personality type you are?

It takes all types SpeedEndurance

In the constant pursuit of excellence also applies to coaches in how they perform and not solely to athletes. So what can coaches do to improve their performance that will also help their athletes?

Coaches observe, make decisions and change things and are therefore leaders. The ability to communicate better allows us to change things more easily and be better leaders. Just as we would not train all athletes in the same way, we cannot communicate with all athletes in the same way.

In my previous article on personality types, I discussed how coaches may use psychometric profiling to better understand how they communicate with their athletes based on their individual preferences. This knowledge can help improve the quality of our communication and thereby enhance performance.

This article is intended to further develop the understanding on the various types described in the type dynamic indicator (TDI) tool and give type descriptions (see key at bottom of table). The TDI is one of a suite of tools in a type-mapping system that can give coaches a comprehensive insight into their athletes and other tools will be covered in a further article.

The four pairs of opposites were described in the previous article and how for most people, one from each of the pairs feels more natural. A combination of these four pairs of preferences helps us summarise our more natural style into 16 possible types.

We probably recognise some of all these types within ourselves at different times and in different contexts such as at home, work and coaching and different contexts mean we will behave differently. Remember, there is no right or wrong, but they are just different — the type simply helps you identify some of the shared patterns. A summary description of those shared patterns of the 16 types is shown in the chart opposite.

You can use this to compare your own preferred style with those of your athletes to give you insights into their motivation and help you decide how to adapt the way you communicate and conduct your interpersonal relationships with your athletes to their preferred style.

Knowing an athlete helps with insights into motivation, communication and interpersonal relationships.

Observation and Enquiry skills

Learn and observe from other people and discuss what matters to them. You can use the table above as a blank template to record your perceptions. By writing the names of people you know well in the relevant boxes you will soon outgrow one of the biggest traps — that of regarding a psychological type as a way of classifying people and thinking that those of any one type are the same. You will be struck by how all people, even in one box are so different. Type simply helps you identify some of their shared patterns.

The 16 Personality Types

INSPECTORS (ISTJ) Inspectors are careful, thoughtful and systematic. Outwardly composed and matter-of-fact, they can be people of few words. However, they are dependable, loyal and precise, making sure that responsibilities are taken seriously and that work is completed steadily and systematically.

SURVEYOR (ISTP) Surveyors enjoy roles requiring action and expertise. Socially revered but loving action, they can be highly energetic when their interest is aroused. They work towards tangible goals in a logical and practical way. They deal well with the unexpected, but can become impulsive and detached.

TROUBLESHOOTER (ESTP) Troubleshooters are sociable, confident and adaptable pragmatists. They love action and happily use their experience to make things happen. Often charming, straightforward and energetic, they live on the edge, treating life as an adventure.

COORDINATOR (ESTJ) Coordinators are systematic and delivery-focused. They like to take charge and get results. Their style will generally be steady and organised and they are often described as tough, but efficient, leaders. Practical, rational and efficient they may neglect people’s feelings and may not champion change.

PROTECTORS (ISFJ) Protectors are patient, modest and diligent. They show great compassion and support for others — often by taking care of the day-to-day practical details. They are not particularly interested in logical or technical things, preferring a more personal touch and they enjoy being helpful, persistent, organised and thorough.

SUPPORTER (ISFP) Supporters are quiet, friendly people who do not need to force themselves, or their views, on others. Caring and sensitive, they accept people and life’s realities as they are. They do not need to over-analyse, but live for the present, being personable, adaptable and sometimes disorganised.

ENERGISER (ESFP) Energisers are drawn towards others, living their life by engaging, interacting and bringing optimism, hope, warmth and fun to the situations they encounter. They seek people and action, are always ready to join in themselves and usually create a buzz which encourages others to get involved.

HARMONISER (ESFJ) Harmonisers are sociable, friendly and persevering. They bring compassion and a focus on others which creates a warm and supportive environment. Generally organised and able to attend to practical issues, they are nurturing, loyal and sympathetic, while keeping a clear focus on getting things done.

GUIDES (INFJ) Guides are warm, imaginative and amiable. They can be guarded in expressing their own feelings but they show high levels of concern and support for others. They also like to get things organised and completed.

IDEALIST (INFP) Idealists are drawn towards others who share their values and who feel deeply about certain issues. These issues guide them in their life and relationships. When all is going well they are seen as warm and gracious individuals who care deeply and who contribute interesting ideas and values.

IMPROVISER (ENFP) Improvisers are personable, imaginative and sociable types. Willing to turn their hand to anything, they enjoy exploring ideas and building relationships. Their style is generally enthusiastic, engaging and persuasive, tending to be spontaneous and flexible rather than structured and detailed.

ADVISER (ENFJ) Advisers are enthusiastic, personable and responsive types who place the highest value on building relationships and showing commitment to people. Generally comfortable in groups, they can be good with words, happy to express their feelings and strong in the promotion of their values.

INVESTIGATORS (INTJ) Investigators are innovative visionaries with a determination to achieve results. They can be highly independent, needing a great deal of autonomy. Their clear-sightedness and willingness to take decisions makes them conceptual, goal-focused and visionary leaders. They come across as tough and incisive but perhaps lacking the personal touch.

ARCHITECT (INTP) Architects are great thinkers and problem solvers. Usually quiet and reflective, they like to be left to work things out at their own pace. They can be complex, theoretical, curious and prone to seeking underlying principles and fundamental understanding.

CATALYST (ENTP) Catalysts are energetic change agents who are always looking for a new angle. Often pioneers and promoters of change, they look for active environments where they can discuss and debate new ideas. When with people they inject energy, innovation and fun into their activities.

EXECUTIVE (ENTJ) Executives are direct, goal-focused people who seek to influence and get results. They value good reasoning and intellectual challenges. They seek to achieve results and can be tough, visionary leaders who make things happen.

KEY: Extroverted (E), Feeling (F), Introverted (I), Judging (J), Perceiving (P), Sensing (S), Thinking (T), iNtuitive (N)

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Barry Cook

Barry Cook

Barry Cook is a qualified endurance event group coach, British Athletics coach educator and an accredited practitioner in TDI and FIRO. In March 2014 Barry has been working with the elite coaches of the England Squash and Racketball Association developing their coaching skills.

The post It Takes All Types appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

It Sucks being the Oldest Sibling!

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Are you the first born child of a large family?

Was I good at Track because I am the fourth child out of 5 children in my family?

Then consider this:

Has it occurred to you that none of the recent 100m WR for men were the first born sibling?

Big brother little brother

Image source: http://www.genevavoice.com/geneva-colleges-big-brothers-big-sisters-program-funding-cut-2/

From the book The Talent Code: Greatness Isn’t Born. It’s Grown. Here’s How, pages 115 and 116:

  • Usain Bolt is the 2nd of 3 children
  • Asafa Powell: 6th of 6
  • Justin Gatlin: 4th of 4
  • Maurice Green: 4th of 4
  • Donovan Bailey: 3rd of 3
  • Leroy Burrell: 4th of 5
  • Carl Lewis: 3rd of 4
  • Calvin Smith: 6th of 8

Even Ben Johnson was the 5th of out 6 children.

Can you think of reasons why the first born (male) child would not succeed in life?  (at least, not in Track and Field World Records!)

  1. socio-economic?  both parents working?  no time “early” in their work careers?
  2. 1st born (male) child has career pressure? off to work first, military, college or even priesthood?
  3. 1st born child has financial pressure in low income families?
  4. younger siblings have a better sport support system in place?
  5. younger siblings have older sibling as role models?
  6. younger siblings are mentally tougher being teased by their older siblings?

Or is it simply a bad sample pool and merely a coincidence?

What do you think?

The Talent Code: Greatness Isn’t Born. It’s Grown. Here’s How

Copyright © 2015 by Speedendurance.com. All Rights Reserved. Speedendurance.com is on Facebook. Visit: Find SpeedEndurance.com on Facebook

Here are my recommendations for products & services I’ve reviewed & used personally that can improve your results. This is a short list since it only includes my top picks.

  • Freelap – Accurately time yourself to 100th of a second (i.e. 9.53)
  • SpeedCoach EMS – the only EMS for training, recovery and rehab
  • GymBoss – Run 400m? The best $19 timer for Circuit Training
  • Complete Speed Training – Complete 12 DVD set for training speed

Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

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The Tulips Are Out [SHIN SPLINTS 2015]

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The month of May is bracketed by two floral parentheses. The month begins with the bursting of tulips and ends with the lusty blooming of ant-infested peonies around Memorial Day. In between we will see and smell lilacs, hydrangea and iris.

In the tropics we have experienced the all-too-short flowering of the jacarandas. Right now, the gardenias have spread their fragrance throughout the neighborhoods. From a botanical standpoint, the month is almost pornographic.

Park Ave Tulips

The only way to experience this joyous bounty is by walking. Not by driving, not by running, not by taxi, but by walking. And, communities that don’t facilitate the pedestrian experience are uncivilized and barbaric. Take the state of Florida. It beckons bicyclists, runners and walkers with year-round sunshine. Yet it is the unsafest state in the country. Last year 498 pedestrians and 135 bicyclists lost their lives in this little piece of heaven. There were 7,467 pedestrian injuries and 6,520 cycling injuries. Welcome to the Sunshine State. But, if you want to stay safe better travel by car

Take my neighborhood, for example. No sidewalks. You are not welcome to walk here. As a matter of fact, you are not welcome at all. And, if you want to dawdle you would do well to research our gun ownership statistics. Most residents have a weapon for every occasion.

Last week I took a marvelous walk in New York. The flowering trees in Central Park had just finished their spring celebration and it was the turn of the tulips. I spent a moment at one end of the American Elms to admire a bed of purple and white. I noticed, for the first time, that the statues of Shakespeare and Columbus were facing each other and that they appeared to be talking to each other. If, in fact, they could have spoken, what would they have said?

Later that day, my day off, I visited the Museum of Modern Art, where I am a member. I had a salad in the café and then visited the new Bjork installation, including a video piece, commissioned by MoMA, called “Black Lake”. I am intrigued by this creative, yet wacky, artist. Some of her work I hate; other stuff I find really good. I then spent an hour reading in the afternoon sun in the sculpture garden. There the beds were planted with very patriotic red tulips and blue ground cover.

New York is the most walkable city in the world. Walking is such an important part of its ethos that The New York Times, on April 26th, devoted an entire volume of its Sunday Magazine to the topic. The photography is terrific and the stories, from the perspective of the pedestrian, are intriguing. Nathaniel Rich, in his opening essay, describes the history of walking in New York. He writes:

“New Yorkers have an attachment to walking that borders on the metaphysical. Walking is not merely a way to get around New York. It is the way to be a New Yorker.”

He goes on to say:

“New Yorkers are prideful walkers. They walk purposefully, even if the purpose is simply to walk. You never need to ask New Yorkers where they’re going. They’re already there.”

In the same publication there is a hilarious piece by Steve Duenes titled “How to Walk in New York”. He includes a litany of “don’ts”. They include:

“Don’t text. Don’t smile. Don’t hum what’s in your headphones. Don’t hold hands. Don’t leer. Don’t look up at the buildings. Don’t eavesdrop. Don’t talk on your phone. Don’t take pictures. Don’t make eye contact. Don’t wear those boots from Maine. Don’t pretend this is the country. Don’t use a walking stick unless you’re blind. Don’t be sick. Don’t be old. Don’t stop. Don’t look back.”

Let me finish by telling you, who may not know, that the sidewalks of New York are bejeweled. That’s right. The bedrock of the city is Manhattan schist, which is heavily imbedded with mica. This beautiful rock is part of the aggregate added to Gotham’s older sidewalks and it gives them their unique sparkle.

Tomorrow, May 11th, I will mark 72 years of life. I have crammed a lot into those years. And, I am grateful for how well I feel. Grateful that the flowers in May still move me; grateful that I am fit and mobile; grateful that my mind is sharp; and grateful that I love and am loved.

I won’t be sick. I won’t be old. I won’t stop. And, I won’t look back.

Author information

Doug Logan

Doug Logan

Adjunct Professor of Sports Management at New York University

Doug Logan is an Adjunct Professor of Sports Management, at New York University. He was the CEO for USATF from 2008 until September 2010 and the CEO, President and Commissioner for Major League Soccer from 1995 to 1999.

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The Jumps Decathlon #BattleOfTheBounds

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The Jumps Decathlon was made popular by Malcolm Arnold’s 1987 book Long jump.  Here are the 10 events you can do in any order.

For each event allow three successful attempts recording the best distance/time.  For single leg left or right leg take off, alternate legs and take the best jump.  Some say take the average of the two.  It’s up to you.

  1. Standing Long jump
  2. Standing Triple jump
  3. 2 hops, step and jump
  4. 2 hops, 2 steps and jump
  5. 2 hops, 2 steps and 2 jumps
  6. 5 spring jumps (Bunny hops)
  7. Standing 4 hops and jump
  8. Running 4 hops and jump
  9. 25 metre hop for time
  10. 5 stride long jump

The Jumps Decathlon Rules

ashton eaton long jump

Standing Long Jump

Place feet over the edge of the sandpit. The athlete crouches, leans forward, swings their arms backwards, the jumps horizontally as far as possible, jumping with both feet into the sandpit. Measure from the edge of the sandpit to the nearest point of contact. The start of the jump must be from a static position.

Plenty of articles and videos on this jump!  Start with this article The Importance of the Standing Long Jump and watch Byron Jones Standing Long Jump World Record Video.

Extra Resources:

Standing Triple jump

Take off foot to remain in flat contact with the ground and free swinging of the non contact leg can be used

A good article to read is Nigel Lewis’ The Importance of the Standing Triple Jump from 2010.

2 hops, step and jump

As per Standing Triple jump rules.

2 hops, 2 steps and jump

As per Standing Triple jump rules.

2 hops, 2 steps and 2 jumps

The second jump is a two footed take off

5 spring jumps (Bunny hops)

5 successive two footed bounds (bunny hops) with the feet kept together in a continuous movement

Standing 4 hops and a jump

As per Stranding Triple jump – repeat test for each leg and record the mean distance

Running 4 hops and jump

Length of run unlimited – repeat test for each leg and record the mean distance

25 metre hop

Start from a standing position – repeat test for each leg and record the time.

5 stride long jump

Normal long jump rules apply, though my standard test has always been 7 stride approach.

The Jumps Decathlon Tables

Download the MS Excel version here: Jumps_Decathlon_Scoring_Tables

Or the PDF version here: Jumps_Decathlon_Scoring_Tables_1

Page 2 of the PDF: Jumps_Decathlon_Scoring_Tables_2

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Author information

Jimson Lee

Jimson Lee

Coach & Founder at SpeedEndurance.com

I am a Masters Athlete and Coach currently based in London UK. My other projects include the Bud Winter Foundation, writer for the IAAF New Studies in Athletics Journal (NSA) and a member of the Track & Field Writers of America.

The post The Jumps Decathlon #BattleOfTheBounds appeared first on SpeedEndurance.com.

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